For instance, when people-oriented listeners listen to an interview with a famous rap artist, they are likely to be more curious about the artist as an individual than about music, even though the people-oriented listener might also appreciate the artist’s work. People-oriented listeners listen to the message in order to learn how the speaker thinks and how they feel about their message. The listener is most interested in the personality or experience of the speaker and the parts of the message related to those interests. The people-oriented listener Listening that is focused on the speaker. identified four listening styles: people, action, content, and time. International Journal of Listening, 9, 1–13. The listening styles profile (LSP-16): Development and validation of an instrument to assess four listening styles. In an article in the International Journal of Listening, Watson, Barker, and Weaver Watson, K. Part of the potential for misunderstanding is the difference in listening styles. Being mindful of such differences will help you prepare a speech in which you minimize the potential for misunderstanding. Some might be survivors of war-torn parts of the world such as Bosnia, Darfur, or northwest China. Some of them may speak English as a second language. Your classmates come from many religious and ethnic backgrounds. Think about the classroom audience that will listen to your speeches in this course. Our audiences today are likely to be much more heterogeneous. This is all the more remarkable when we consider that Aristotle’s audiences were composed exclusively of male citizens of one city-state, all prosperous property owners. Thus Aristotle classified listeners into those who would be using the speech to make decisions about past events, those who would make decisions affecting the future, and those who would evaluate the speaker’s skills. A member of the assembly decides about future events, a juryman about past events: while those who merely decide on the orator’s skill are observers. The hearer must be either a judge, with a decision to make about things past or future, or an observer. For of the three elements in speech-making-speaker, subject, and person addressed-it is the last one, the hearer, that determines the speech’s end and object. Rhetoric falls into three divisions, determined by the three classes of listeners to speeches. An effective listener is able to adapt his or her listening style to the context. Even Aristotle, as long ago as 325 BC, recognized that listeners in his audience were varied in listening style The preferred focus of a listener’s attention in a given situation. If listening were easy, and if all people went about it in the same way, the task for a public speaker would be much easier.
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